Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Troxerutin on the Hippocampus of Adult Albino Rats after Induction of Diabetes Mellitus

This study aimed to assess the effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Troxerutin on the hippocampus of induced diabetes mellitus in adult albino rats using histological methods.50 adult male albino rats were divided into three groups; Group I (Control); Group II (diabetic): subdivided into Subgroup IIa (T1DM)), Subgroup IIb (T1DM+GBE), Subgroup IIc (T1DM+ troxerutin); Group III: subdivided into Subgroup IIIa (GBE) and Subgroup IIIb (troxerutin). The brain was removed and the cerebral hemisphere was coronally cut at the hippocampal level and used for light microscopic study (H&E staining and PCNA immunostaining). There was a statistically insignificant improvement in animal weights in subgroup IIb and subgroup IIc. Subgroup IIb showed a statistically significant reduction of blood glucose levels while the subgroup IIc showed insignificant reduction of blood glucose levels. Diabetes disturbed the light microscopic structure of the hippocampus. In subgroup IIb and subgroup IIc the hippocampus retained an apparently normal appearance and the stratum pyramidale exhibited the pyramidal cells with rounded vesicular nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm. Diabetic hippocampal sections revealed negative PCNA immunoreactivity inall layers of DG. In subgroup IIb and subgroup IIc, hippocampal sections showed positive immunoreactivity

Effect of aqueous Salvia officinalis extract on Aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in female rats

The neurotoxicity of Aluminum has been discovered in several experiments. It is a neurotoxic element involved inthe etiology of some neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate theneuroprotective effect of Salvia officinalis aqueous leaf extract (SAE) on the behavioral, histological, andbiochemical alterations caused by Aluminum chloride in female Wistar rats. Chronic aluminum chloride (AlCl3)exposure developed behavioral deficits by decreasing locomotor activity and caused a significant reduction ofspontaneous alternation. Besides, AlCl3 exposure showed a significant decrease in Acetylcholinesterase activity(-54.49%), Catalase activity (-42.48%), and a significant increase in the mean concentration of Malondialdehyde(MDA) compared to control group. Histological alterations were observed in the brain of aluminum chlorideexposed group, which explains the neurodegenerative effect of aluminum on rat brain histology. SAE treatmentimproved behavioral and histological changes in AlCl3-induced rats, attenuated biochemical alteration byrecording an increase in Acetylcholinesterase activity at 73.68% and enhanced catalase activity by 62.7%, aswell as a decrease in the MDA level of -86.81% compared to the AlCl3 group. The current study demonstratesthat Salvia officinalis can be administered as a food additive to protect against the neurotoxicity of AlCl3 and toameliorate behavioral and oxidative status.

Effects of Repeated Administration of Extracts from Arachis hypogaea Hulls on Blood Parameters and Histological Organization of Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rats

Place and Duration: Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët - Boigny, from March to June 2018. Methodology: Serial extraction was done using methanol and water as solvents. The study was evaluated by orally daily doses of extracts 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg. The treatment for 28 days concerned seven groups of animals, the control group and six treated groups. Each group included six animals, 3 males and 3 females. Animals of control group didn’t have any treatment. Animals were observed for general behavioural and signs of abnormalities during the experiment. After all treatments, blood was collected for haematologi cal and biochemical analysis. Liver, kidney, and heart were removed, weighed for histological study. Results: The results showed that, there were not any significant (p ?0.05) changes in both the absolute and relative organ weights between the control and the test groups. Biochemical parameters were statistically equal in all groups. In addition, both extracts did not induce any significant effect on RBC and indices relating to it (HGB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC) throughout the experimental period. But, there was a decrease ( 16.33±1.68) on WBC with methanolic extract compared to control ( 13.79±2.73 ). Histological exam ination of the liver, kidneys, and the heart showed normal organisation and structure of heart, kidneys and liver. Conclusion: It appears that the methanolic and aqueous extracts of hull of Arachis hypogaea did not produce any toxicity in oral subacute toxicity study. However, further studies are needed to confirm long term toxicities.

Histological Study- The Effects Of Various Fixatives On Kidney

Fixation is the critical step in processing tissues. Following tissue removal from the body, autolysis begins and proceeds more or less quickly depending on many factors, including the level of enzymes or microorganism present in the tissue. We studied effect of five different types of fixatives. An essential part of all histological and cytological techniques is preservation of cells and tissues as they naturally occur. The aim of the current study is to see the effect of following fixatives namely 10% formalin, Buffered 10% formalin, Bouin’s fluid, Zenker’s fluid, Carnoy’s fluid on liver tissues and to observe the optimum result in a particular fixative in H&E sections. There is no single fixative which can be considered as best fixative for all purposes. Best fixatives for architectural preservation are Carnoy’s fluid and Zenker’s fluid. Best fixative for study of nuclear details is Bouin’s fluid.

The Effects of Minocycline on Spinal Root Avulsion Injury in Rat Model

Background: The neuroprotective role of minocycline in the treatment of brachial plexus injury is controversial. Objective: To study the neuroprotective effect of minocycline via different routes in adult Sprague Dawley rats with brachial plexus injury. Methods: The C7 nerve roots of the animals were avulsed via an anterior extravertebral approach. Traction force was used to transect the ventral motor nerve roots at the preganglionic level. Intraperitoneal and intrathecal minocycline (50 mg/kg for the first week and 25 mg/kg for the second week) were administered to promote motor healing. The spinal cord was harvested six weeks after the injury, and structural changes following the avulsion injury and pharmacological intervention were analysed. Results: Motor neuron death and microglial proliferation were observed after the administration of minocycline via two different routes (intraperitoneal and intrathecal) following traumatic avulsion injury of the ventral nerve root. The administration of intraperitoneal minocycline reduced the microglia count but increased the motor neuron count. Intrathecal minocycline also reduced the microglial count, with a greater reduction than in the intraperitoneal group, but it decreased the motor neuron count. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal minocycline increased motor neuron survival by inhibiting microglial proliferation following traumatic avulsion injury of the nerve root. The inhibitory effect was augmented by the use of intrathecal minocycline, in which the targeted drug delivery method increased the bioavailability of the therapeutic agent. However, motor neuron survival was impaired at a higher concentration of minocycline via the intrathecal route due to the more efficient method of drug delivery. Microglial suppression via minocycline can have both beneficial and damaging effects, with a moderate dose being beneficial as regards motor neuron survival but a higher dose proving neurotoxic due to impairment of the glial response and Wallerian degeneration, which is a pre-requisite for regeneration.

A preliminary study on acellular dermal matrix in guiding augmentation of keratinized tissues / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the histological effect of acellular dermal matrix(ADM)on insufficiency in guide keratinized tissue regeneration. Methods 6 cases of single anterior tooth implantation in the hospital in 2016 were included in the study. 3 cases were treated with immediate tooth extraction and implantation. Bone substitution materials were grafted in the space between the tooth extraction socket and the implants. The keratin-ized tissue dehiscence was covered by double layers of acellular dermal matrix membrane(Heal-All?,ZH-BIO, China),which was fixed to the adjacent soft tissue by suturing. Another 3 cases were routinely treated with delayed implantation of single anterior tooth. All the cases were subject to harvesting of the cover soft tissues of implants with a punch 4 months later. The new grown soft tissues were histologically observed. Results All cases were sur-vived. The new grown keratinized tissues were observed. Conclusion Acellular dermal matrix can guide the aug-mentation of keratinized tissues.

Functional anatomical, histological and ultrastructural studies of three chameleon species: Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Chamaeleo africanus, and Chamaeleon vulgaris / Estudios anatómicos, histológicos y ultraestructurales funcionales de tres especies de camaleón: Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Chamaeleo africanus, y Chamaeleon vulgaris

Three chamaeleon species including Chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Chameleon Chamaeleo africanus, and Chamaeleon vulgaris were collected and their tongue were dissected and examined morphologically and investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Both species showed similar histological manifestation of lingual papillae and tubular glands with dense mucous secretion especially in Chamaeleon vulgaris. There is no keratinization of lingual surfaces. Ultrastructurally, filliform represent the only pattern of lingual pappillae and take either cylindrical, conical and leaflet structure.Although the examined chalmaeleon species collected from different habitat, it shows almost similarities in their histological and ultrastructural structures.

Fueron recolectadas tres especies de Camaleón incluyendo Camaleón Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Camaleón Chamaeleo africanus y Chamaeleon vulgaris. Se disecó su lengua y examinó morfológicamente mediante el uso de microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido. Ambas especies mostraron características histológicas similares en relación a las papilas linguales y glándulas tubulares con secreción mucosa densa, especialmente el Chamaeleon vulgaris. No hubo queratinización de las superficies linguales. Ultraes-tructuralmente, el único patrón de papilas linguales fue el filiforme, tomando una estructura ya sea cilíndrica, cónica y de hoja. Aunque las especies de Camaleón examinadas se recogieron de diferentes hábitat, ellas mostraron similitudes en su estructura histológica y ultraestructural.

Histological Study of Neonatal Bowel In Anorectal Malformations.

Anorectal malformations are the congenital condition, seen in approximately 1 in 5000 live births. It affects male and female in the ratio of 1.3:1. Anorectal malformations include a wide range of malformations, that not only involves the anus and rectum, but it also involves urinary and genital tract. Aims and objectives of the study, was to understand the structures involved in anorectal malformations by histological study of surgically excised segments of involved part of neonatal intestine and to understand the degree and cause of possible structural impairment in different segments of involved parts of neonatal bowel that may help in the surgical management of anorectal malformations. Present study was conducted on surgically excised segments of fifteen cases of anorectal malformations, that have been collected from Department of Paediatrics Surgery, IMS, BHU. After that processing of the samples have been done and blocks have been prepared. Then after sectioning and staining with Hematoxyline and Eosin, findings have been noted under the microscope. Histopathological examination revealed the abnormalities of varying degrees. To conclude this study supports that the malformed segments should be excised, regarding controversial issue of preserving or excising the distal segment of anorectum for better functional outcome.

Renoprotective effects of Caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Aim of the study was to assess the renoprotective effect of Carum carvi essential oil. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: normal control (group A), diabetic positive control (group B), and experimental (group C) receiving Carum carvi oil as a renoprotective agent at 10 mg/kg of body weights orally. Group B and C rats received STZ (60 mg/kg) for induction of diabetes. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels over 200mg /dl were considered diabetic. Blood samples were collected on the 22 th day for the determination of glutathione peroxidase and glucose. Kidneys were also extracted for examination. Carum carvi oil was analysed using the GC and GC/MS analysis. The major components of caraway essential oil were Carvone (70.1%) followed by γ – Terpinene (12.6%) and Limonene (5.5%) in addition to some minor compounds including Linalool (0.7%), Thymol (0.5%), γ –Cadinene (0.5%), α- Farnesene (0.4%), δ- Cadinene (0.4%). The diabetic group rats showed an increase in the serum level of glucose, and decrease in glutathione peroxidase. 10 mg/kg body weight dose of Carum carvi oil significantly corrected these parameters.The morphological examination of group B rats kidneys showed glomerular and tubular degeneration with massive cellular infiltration, hemorrhage in interstitial tissue and deformed renal tissue architecture. Whereas the kidney rats in group C showed marked improvement with minor pathological changes. Conclusion: Carum carvi oil showed renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy. This could be contributed to Carum carvi constituents, especially carvone , γ –Terpinene and Limonene which have strong anti-oxidant activity.

Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic effect of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Objective: To assess the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of Lippia nodiflora (L. nodiflora).Methods:Acute toxicity test was done to check the toxicity of L. nodiflora methanol extract and oral glucose tolerance test was performed in normal rats. L. nodiflora methanol extract at three dose levels was administerd orally to streptozotocin (STZ) (40mg/kg bw) induced diabetic rats for 15 days. The various parameters were studied including body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, plasma insulin, lipid profile, glycogen content, glycoslylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum marker enzyme levels in normal, treated and diabetic rats. Histochemical analysis of pancreas was also carried out in normal, treated and diabetic rats. Results: The treatment group with the extract at three dose levels showed a significant increase in the liver, muscle glycogen and serum insulin level and a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels and serum marker enzyme levels. The total cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels were also significantly reduced and the high density lipoprotein level was significantly increased upon treatment with the L. nodiflora methanol extract. Histochemical study of pancreas also confirmed the biochemical findings. Acute toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the L. nodiflora methanol extract. Conclusions: The results of the experiments presented here suggest that methanol extract of L. nodiflora exerts significant antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Avaliação da biocompatibilidade de um sistema para fixação interna baseado em polímero reabsorvível: estudo histológico em coelhos / Biocompatibility evaluation of a system for internal fixation based on a resorbable polymer: a histological study in rabbits

Algumas características indesejáveis dos materiais de fixação metálicos instigaram pesquisadores no desenvolvimento de um sistema para fixação interna reabsorvível, necessitando, dessa forma, de estudos para avaliar o seu comportamento principalmente em relação à biocompatibilidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar histologicamente, de forma comparativa, a reação do tecido ósseo local ao emprego de um sistema de fixação interna reabsorvível, baseado no polímero poli (L-co-D,L ácido lático) 70:30, utilizando como controle um sistema de fixação interna baseado em uma liga de titânio (Ti-6Al-4V/Grau V) de mesmas dimensões. Para isso, foram selecionados 15 coelhos adultos, albinos, da raça Nova Zelândia, fêmeas, com idade aproximada de 06 meses e peso variando entre 3,8 e 4,5 kg no momento do procedimento cirúrgico. Cada animal recebeu, ao mesmo tempo, o sistema reabsorvível e o metálico, sendo sacrificados aleatoriamente com 3, 8 e 16 semanas pós-operatórias. Como resultado histológico, observou-se que o sistema de fixação baseado em polímero apresentou um comportamento histológico bastante semelhante ao sistema metálico. Em nenhum período dos sacrifícios de ambos os grupos, notou-se a presença de reação tecidual exacerbada. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o sistema de fixação baseado no reabsorvível apresentou biocompatibilidade satisfatória com o leito receptor.

Some undesirable characteristics of metal fixation materials prompted researchers to develop a system for resorbable internal fixation, thus requiring studies to evaluate their behavior, particularly with regard to their biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to make a comparative histological evaluation of the reaction of bone tissue to a local internal fixation system based on resorbable poly (L-co-D, L-lactic acid) 70:30, using an internal fixation system with the same dimensions based on a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V/Grau V) as a control. For this purpose we selected 15 female albino New Zealand rabbits, aged approximately 6 months and weighing between 3.8 and 4.5 kg at the time of surgery. Each animal received both the absorbable and metallic systems, with the animals being randomly sacrificed postoperatively at 3, 8 and 16 weeks. No exacerbated reaction of this tissue was observed at the time of sacrifice in either group. We thus conclude that the fixation system based on resorbable material displayed a satisfactory biocompatibility with the recipient bed.

A Case of Astroblastoma

An astroblastoma is a rare primary glial tumor occurring preferentially in young adults. It is characterized by a perivascular arrangement of the tumor cells forming perivascular pseudorosettes mimicking ependymomas. The histogenesis of astroblastoma is unclear, despite a number of studies to determine its possible cellular origin. We have experienced a case of astroblastoma located at the temporal lobe. It presented as a large, wellcircumscribed, and highly enhanced mass lesion on magnetic resonance images(MRI). The tumor was well demarcated and did not infiltrate the brain, which made complete removal possible. Here, we report and discuss the characteristic histological and radiological features of this case.

Experimental model of the morphological and morphometric aspects of tissue repair in skin wounds submitted to beta radiation emitted by Strontium -90 in rats

The purperose of this work is tell the use of the experimental model to investigation of the effects of Beta radiation of estroncium-90 for repairing the tissue of wounds made in rats. 48 animals of the lineage EPM-1 Wistar were used, distributed in two groups that received radiation in alternate days (group A) and daily (group B). Each group was divided in four groups of six rats to be analysed in the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day after operation. Two incisions were made in the back of the animal and sutured immediately afterwards; the upper part was irradiated and the lower part used as control. On the dates established the irradiated and control wounds were macroscopically examined and withdrawn for preparation of the histological comparative study in the optical microscope. Following, an morphometrical analysis was performed to count leucocyts, fiberblast and colagen fibers which were submitted to statistical study.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o uso do modelo experimental para investigação dos efeitos da radiação Beta do Estrôncio-90 no processo de reparação tecidual de feridas provocadas em ratos. Utilizamos 48 animais da linhagem EPM-1 Wistar, distribuídos em dois grupos que receberam a radiação em dias alternados (Grupo A) e diariamente (Grupo B). Cada grupo foi subdividido em quatro, cada um com 6 ratos, para estudo no 3º, 7º, 14º e 21º dias de pós-operatório. Realizou-se duas incisões no dorso de cada animal, suturou-se em seguida, sendo que a de situação cranial foi irradiada e a caudal serviu para controle. Nas datas determinadas, as feridas controle e irradiada foram observadas macroscopicamente e retiradas para preparo do estudo histológico comparativo ao microscópico óptico. Realizou-se em seguida, análise morfométrica para contagem de leucócitos, fibroblastos e fibras colágenas, submetidos a estudo estatístico.

Treatment of experimental saccular aneurysms of carotid arteries with three kinds of covered stents in canine models / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety and biocompatibility of balloon-expanding stainless steel stents (SSS) covered with polyurethane membrane (PUM), expanding poly teflon ester membrane(ePTFEM)and biomembrane (BM) in the treatment of experimental saccular aneurysms of carotid arteries in canine models.Methods 36 experimental saccular aneurysms of carotid arteries in 20 canines were created successfully by sugery. Experimental aneurysms were treated with covered stents including twelve PUM-SSS, twelve ePTFEM-SSS and twelve BM-SSS for each twelve canines repectively. They were placed endovascularly in the common carotid arteries covering the orifice of aneurysms. Follow up angiography was performed immediately after the procedure and 2, 4 and 12 weeks afterwards under the control of conventional anticoagulation. The animals were then sacrificed for histopathologic and statistical investigation. Results 36 stents were placed successfully in the target arteries. The complete patency rates of PUM-SSS, ePTFEM-SSS and BM-SSS were 25.0%, 41.7% and 91.7% respectively. Histological analysis indicated that all treated aneurysmal pouches were filled with thrombus. Stent wires were found to be located deep within the vessel wall and encased by extension of the tunica intima. Endothelialization of BM-SSS groups already began at the 2nd week which was earlier than that of PUM-SSS and ePTFEM-SSS. Various degrees of degenerative cells were seen under the transmission electron microscopy without surface erosion of stents. Conclusion Placement of covered stent endovascularly is expedient, safe, and effective. BM-SSS provides the best mechanical behavior, physiochemical stability, anticoagulative ability and biocompatibility.

The Effects of Immobilization on Biomechanical and Morphological Properties of Patellar Tendon in Rabbits

PURPOSE: For the study for patellar tendon which can be a cause of joint stiffness and weakness, we analysed the biomechanical and the histological changes of patellar tendon according to each immobiliza-tion period after cast immobilization of knee joint of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The knee joints of 36 rabbits were immobilized with long leg cast and K-wire fixation for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. The tensile tests were carried out on 6 pairs of the patellar ten-dons obtained from the rabbits which were immobilized for each periods, and the histological study was done for 3 pairs of patellar tendons. RESULTS: The immobilization changed the mechanical properties of the patellar tendon significantly; it decreased the tangent modulus and tensile strength to 26 percent of control values after 16 weeks immo-bilization. The cross-sectional area and tendinous length were not changed significantly. Remarkable changes were also observed in the histologic properties; histological studies showed that the immobiliza-tion has increased the number of fibroblasts and decreased the longitudinally aligned collagen bundles. CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that mechanical weakness and histological changes of patellar tendon due to cast immobilization are one of the causes of stiffness and weakness of knee joint after cast immo-bilization.

Histological and immunohistochemical studies on primary gastrointestinal lymphomas

To study the characteristics and histogenesis of the malignant lymphomas derived from the gastrointestinal mucosa, histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on a series of 28 malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. By cytomorphologic classification, there were two small lymphocytic lymphomas, one small cleaved cell lymphoma, two mixed small cleaved and large cell lymphomas, 17 large cell lymphomas, one small noncleaved cell lymphoma, three immunoblastic lymphomas, and two lymphoblastic lymphomas. This distribution of histologic types was compatible with that of nodal lymphoma. The lymphomas with poor prognostic histology (23 cases) outnumbered those with favorable prognosis (five cases). Three of 28 cases (one in the stomach and two in the small intestine) had cytologic features consistent with centrocytoid cell lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue and were large cell lymphomas. Immunophenotypically, 23 cases expressed B-cell markers (82.1%) and three cases reacted with T-cell markers. Two cases did not react with either T-cell or B-cell markers. True histiocytic lymphomas were not identified. Gastric lymphomas (nine cases) and colorectal lymphomas (three cases) were of B-lymphocyte origin whereas T-cell lymphomas were noted in the small intestine (two cases) and ileocecal region (one case). Three cases of centrocytoid lymphoma were of B-lymphocyte origin. Histologically B-cell lineage lymphomas were evenly distributed on various histologic subtypes but all T-lineage lymphomas belonged to the large cell type. The two cases with undetermined phenotype were lymphoblastic lymphomas histologically. This study showed that the primary GIT lymphomas, mostly of B-cell lineage, were not cytomorphologically distinctive from the nodal lymphomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)